An Overview of Arduino and Its Importance

Microcontrollers are notorious for being difficult to program. The goal of Arduino is to create an accessible way for software developers to enter the world of microcontroller programming. Arduino is a microcontroller interface built around an Atmel ATmega processor, coupled with an integrated development environment (IDE) for creating logic on the chip.

Software and Hardware

Arduino is open source, both in its software and hardware specification so that hobbyists can assemble the simplest Arduino modules themselves by hand. More sophisticated pre-assembled Arduino modules can be purchased and are modestly priced. The hardware comes in many format specifications, from a small wearable device to larger surface-mounted modules. The primary mode of computer connection is via USB, though Bluetooth, serial, and Ethernet form factors also exist.

The Arduino software is free and open source. The programming platform is based on the popular Wiring language. The IDE is based on Processing, which is a well-known language among designers. Unlike most microcontroller interfaces, Arduino is cross-platform, so it can be run on Windows, Linux, and macOS.

Applications

Arduino allows users a simple pathway to creating interactive objects that can take input from switches and sensors, and control physical outputs like lights, motors, or actuators. Because the language is based on well-used frameworks, Arduino can interact with other software on the computer like Flash or even web APIs like X (formerly Twitter).

Projects

The platform has already fostered a community of developers who are sharing a lot of open source work. Enthusiasts have used it to create a range of innovative projects, from software thermostat controllers to baby monitors that send SMS alerts, to a toy gun that fires every time a certain hashtag is used on X. And yes, there's also a page of Arduino projects for controlling coffee appliances.

The Importance of Arduino

While some of these Arduino projects may seem frivolous, the technology taps into several trends that will make it a potentially important force in the industry. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a popular phrase used in the tech community to describe everyday items that are connected to the internet and able to share information. Smart energy meters are an often-used example, which could regulate appliance usage to save money on energy.

Public perception is shifting toward integrating technology into the fabric of everyday life. The small form factor of Arduino allows it to be applied to all kinds of everyday objects. In fact, the Arduino LilyPad form factor allows for wearable Arduino devices.

Open source projects like Arduino lower the barrier of entry for developers that are looking to experiment with interactive objects. These innovators will be able to rapidly prototype and experiment with interactive devices by using the Arduino platform, before creating a production-ready offering. The next Mark Zuckerberg or Steve Jobs may one day be found creating new ways for computers to interface with the physical world. Arduino is a great way to experiment with the possibilities of smart devices.